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Getting Out of Debt

Frequent calls from bill collectors is one sure sign that you have debt problem. If this is the case, it's time to get proactive. Talk to your creditors as soon as possible. You might be incurring additional charges while you wait. Or they might be willing to change your interest rate and save you money.

Here are some tips for talking with creditors:

Be cooperative, not angry.
Be prepared with a list of how much you owe.
Have all your financial records together and with you.
Listen. The bill collector might have ideas that will help you.
If you are having trouble with a particular bill collector, ask if you can speak with a different person.

Your Rights

Creditors do not have the right to harass you. The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act is a federal law that protects you. It forbids collectors from:

The use of threat of violence or other criminal means to harm a person, their reputation or property
The use of obscene or abusive language
Repeated calls with intent to annoy or harass
False affiliation with the government, including the use of a badge or uniform
Threat of arrest
Communication at unusual or inconvenient places and times
Communication with third parties without debtor consent

Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a way to eliminate debts or repay them under court protection and supervision. Child support payments, alimony, fines, taxes, and some student loan obligations are typically not eliminated.

Bankruptcy was created to give a hopeless debtor a fresh start and should always be considered a last resort. A bankruptcy will stay on your credit report for up to 10 years, possibly affecting your ability buy or rent a home and will likely result in higher interest rates on future loans.

Types of Bankruptcy

There are many different types of bankruptcy, but the most common are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13.

In a Chapter 7, or "straight bankruptcy," you agree to turn over all of your non-exempt assets to a Chapter 7 trustee. The trustee then sells your assets and distributes the money to your creditors.

Chapter 13, or "reorganization," allows you to keep your property, such as a mortgaged house or car. It includes a plan based on disposable income to pay creditors over three to five years with a single monthly payment.

Credit Counseling

Credit counseling agencies can help you get a handle on your debt. They:

Review your debt load and income
Help you set up a realistic personal budget
Negotiate with creditors for reduced payments on bills
Assist with planning for future expenses